Which structure in the human eye is responsible for color vision?

The structure in the human eye that is responsible for color vision is the cones. Cones are photoreceptor cells located in the retina, and they are specifically adapted to detect light in different wavelengths, which allows us to perceive color. There are three types of cone cells, each sensitive to different ranges of light wavelengths corresponding to the colors red, green, and blue. The brain processes signals from these cones to create the perception of a broad spectrum of colors.

Rods, while important for vision in low-light conditions and peripheral vision, do not contribute to color discrimination. The lens plays a role in focusing light onto the retina but does not have any involvement in color perception. Although the retina contains both rods and cones, it is specifically the cones that facilitate our ability to see and differentiate colors. Thus, the correct answer highlights the unique function of cones in the visual system.