National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

In a series configuration, resistors are connected end-to-end, meaning that the current passing through each resistor is the same. This connection method leads to the total or equivalent resistance being the sum of all individual resistances. The formula used to calculate the total resistance in a series circuit is straightforward: R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... + Rn, where R1, R2, R3, and Rn represent the resistances of the individual resistors connected in series.

This additive property arises because, in a series circuit, each resistor consumes some of the energy (voltage) supplied by the source; therefore, as more resistors are added, the overall resistance increases correspondingly. The resulting increase in resistance leads to a decrease in total current when a voltage is applied, following Ohm's law (I = V/R), where I is current, V is voltage, and R is resistance.

In contrast, a parallel configuration decreases the total resistance, as each resistor provides an alternative pathway for current to flow. Mixed configurations involve both series and parallel arrangements, leading to a more complex calculation. A short circuit, on the other hand, presents virtually no resistance in a direct connection, causing a risk of