National League for Nursing (NLN PAX) Practice Exam

The correct choice refers to ionic bonds, which are formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This process typically occurs between a metal and a non-metal, where the metal atom donates one or more of its electrons, becoming a positively charged ion, while the non-metal atom accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged ion. The resulting electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions creates a strong ionic bond.

This phenomenon is distinct from other types of bonds. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons rather than transferring them, resulting in a different type of molecular structure. Metallic bonds involve the pooling of electrons among a lattice of metal atoms, allowing for conductivity and malleability. Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles, not involving the transfer or sharing of electrons. Thus, the characteristics of an ionic bond clearly define the nature of electron transfer in atomic interactions.